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ITEC Course Syllabus

This page details the syllabus of the course Renee completed in Anatomy and Physiology (1st 12 pages) and Holistic massage (following 7 pages)

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 30 Skeletal System

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the functions of the skeletal system

• Support framework • Provides attachments for muscles • Forms joints to provide movement •Forms erythrocytes in the bone marrow• Stores calcium • Protection

Understand and explain the structure of bone tissues

• Compact • Cancellous

Understand and explain the types of bone

• Long • Short • Flat • Irregular • Sesamoid

♦ Give examples of where in the body they would be found

Understand and explain the position of the bones of the skeleton

Cranium

• Parietal • Frontal • Ethmoid • Sphenoid • Occipital • Temporal

Facial

• Nasal • Zygomatic • Maxilla • Lacrimal • Turbinator • Palatine

• Mandible • Vomer • Hyoid

Vertebrae

• Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacrum • Coccyx

Shoulder Girdle

• Scapula • Clavicle • Thoracic Cage: Ribs, Thoracic vertebrae

Pelvic Girdle

• Innominate bones: Ischium, Ilium • Pubis

Upper Limb

• Humerus • Ulna • Radius • Carpals: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

• Metacarpals • Phalanges

Lower Limb

• Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Patella • Tarsals: Tarsus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuneiforms (Medial, Intermediate, Lateral), Cuboid

• Metatarsals • Phalanges

Understand and explain different types of joints

• Fixed • Slightly moveable • Freely moveable • Ball and socket

• Hinge • Pivot • Gliding • Saddle

Understand, recognise and give possible causes of postural deformities

• Kyphosis • Lordosis • Scoliosis

Understand the different fractures and their causes

• Simple • Greenstick • Compound • Comminuted • Impacted

• Complicated

Understand, explain and recognise the symptoms, causes and effects of the following diseases and disorders of the skeletal system:

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus  – Page 1

 

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 31 Muscular System

Recommended guided learning hours – 8

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Understand and explain the structure and function of the different types of muscle with examples

• Voluntary • Involuntary • Cardiac

Understand and explain the structure and function of the various attachments of muscles:

• Ligament • Tendon • Fascia

Understand and explain the terms in relation to the muscular system

• Origin • Insertion • Action • Tone • Tension • Fatigue • Flexion • Extension • Abduction • Adduction • Rotation • Supination

• Pronation • Dorsiflexion • Plantarflexion

Understand and explain muscular contraction

• How a muscle works • How it provides movement • How a muscle knows when to contract • The source of energy to create a contraction • Different stages of contraction, i.e. tone and relaxation • Over contraction, i.e. causes of muscle tension and muscle fatigue

Understand and explain the formation of lactic acid

To include:

• Cause and effect

Understand and explain the position (with the aid of diagrams) and action of the following muscles

Trunk/torso

• Trapezius • Sternocleido mastoid • Erector Spinae • Splenius Capitis • Latissimus Dorsi • Serratus Anterior • Gluteus Maximus • Gluteus Medius • Gluteus Minimus • Psoas • Pectoralis Major

• Abdominus Rectus • Internal Oblique • External Oblique

• Abdominus transversalis • Rhomboids • Infraspinatis

• Supraspinatis • Teres Major • Teres Minor • Iliacus

• Subscapularis

Arm

• Deltoid • Biceps • Triceps • Brachialis • Coraco Brachialis

• Brachioradialis • Pronator Teres • Supinator Radii Brevis

• Flexor Carpi Radialis • Extensor Carpi Radialis • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris • Flexor Carpi Digitorum

• Extensor Carpi Digitorum • Muscles of Thenar eminence

• Muscles of Hypothenar eminence

Leg/Thigh

• Quadriceps: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius • Hamstrings: Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus • Adductor Longus

• Adductor Magnus • Adductor Brevis • Gracilis • Sartorius

Lower Leg

• Gastrocnemius • Tibialis Anterior • Peroneus Longus • Flexor Digitorum Longus • Extensor Digitorum Longus • Soleus

• Extensor Hallucis Longus

Face, neck and scalp

• Orbicularis Oculi • Orbicularis Oris • Masseter • Buccinator

• Levator Anguli Oris • Levator Labii Superioris • Depressor Anguli Oris • Depressor Labii Inferioris • Mentalis • Zygomaticus • Temporalis • Nasalis • Procerous • Corrugator • Frontalis

• Occipitalis • Pterygoids • Triangularis • Trapezius • Platysma

• Deltoid

Understand and explain the cause and effect of the following muscular conditions:

• Fibrositis • Cramp • Muscle Fatigue • Atony • Atrophy

• Myositis • Rupture • Spasm • Spasticity • Sprain • Strain

• Stress

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 2

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 32 The Skin

Recommended guided learning hours – 8

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Understand and explain (with the aid of a diagram) the position and function of the following parts of the skin:

Epidermis

• Stratum Corneum • Stratum Lucidum • Stratum Granulosum

• Stratum Spinosum/Malphigian layer • Stratum Germinativum/Basal layer • Melanocytes

Dermis

• Blood supply • Lymphatic supply • Hair follicle • Hair

• Sebaceous gland • Sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine • Sensory nerve endings • Dermal Papilla

Subcutaneous layer

Understand and explain the functions of the skin

• Secretion • Heat Regulation • Absorption • Protection

• Elimination • Sensation • Vitamin D formation (ergosterol)

• Keratinisation • Melanin Formation

Understand, explain and recognise skin types

• Dry • Oily • Dehydrated • Sensitive • Combination

Understand and explain skin diseases and disorders and when they are contraindicated to treatment

Recognition points ♦ Whether congenital, bacterial, viral, fungal or an infestation and whether the condition is contraindicated

Congenital

• Eczema • Psoriasis • Dermatitis

Bacterial

• Acne Vulgaris • Impetigo • Acne Rosacea • Folliculitis • Boils

Viral

• Warts • Verrucas • Herpes simplex • Herpes zoster

Fungal

• Tinea corporis • Tinea Pedis

Pigmentation disorders

• Vitiligo • Albinism • Chloasma • Ephelides • Lentigo • Moles

• Naevae • Port wine stain

General disorders

• Broken capillaries • Crow’s feet • UV damage • Urticaria

• Allergic reaction • Comedones • Milia

Understand the different skin cancers and their possible causes

To include:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Malignant Melanoma

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 3

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 33 The Cell

Recommended guided learning hours – 8

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Understand and explain (with the aid of a diagram) the structures of the cell and their function

To include:

• Cell membrane • Nuclear membrane • Nucleus • Nucleolus

• Cytoplasm • Centrosome • Golgi apparatus • Mitochondria

• Lysosome • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosome • Centrosome

• Centromere • Vacuoles • Centrioles • Chromatids

Understand and explain the process of Mitosis

To include:

• Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

Understand and explain the process of Meiosis

• Describe briefly how the process of Meiosis takes place to include gamates and chromosomes X&Y

Understand and explain the term Histology

• Define Histology

Understand and explain the structure and function of the main types of tissue in the body

To include the following, giving examples:

♦ Epithelial tissue

• Simple • Stratified • Cuboidal • Ciliated • Columnar

♦ Nervous tissue

♦ Muscular tissue

• Striated • Non-striated • Cardiac

♦ Connective tissue

• Areolar • Adipose • White fibrous • Yellow elastic • Bone

• Hyaline Cartilage • Blood • Lymph

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus  – Page 4

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 34 Circulatory & Lymphatic Systems

Recommended guided learning hours – 8

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Understand and explain the structure and function of blood and its components

To include:

• Erythrocytes • Leucocytes • Thrombocytes • Plasma and plasma proteins

♦ Describe the vessels in which it is carried

• Arteries • Arterioles • Veins • Venules • Capillaries

Understand and explain the position of the main arteries and veins of the body

To include:

Main arteries of the head and neck

• Innominate • Common Carotid • Internal Carotid • External Carotid • Facial • Occipital • Superficial Temporal

Main veins of the head and neck

• Posterior External Jugular • Occipital • Superficial Temporal

• Maxillary • Anterior Facial • Common Facial • Internal Jugular

• External Jugular

Main arteries of the body

• Descending Aorta • Left Common Carotid • Left Subclavian

• Right Common Carotid • Right Subclavian • Pulmonary

• Right Hepatic • Splenic • Right Renal • Superior Mesenteric

• Right Iliac • Inferior Mesenteric • Left Iliac • Vertebral

• Axillary • Brachial • Right Ulnar • Left Ulnar • Right Radial

• Left Radial • Right Deep Palmar Arch • Left Deep Palmar Arch

• Right Superficial Palmar Arch • Left Superficial Palmar Arch

• External Iliac • Left Femoral • Right Femoral • Left Popliteal

• Right Popliteal • Left Anterior Tibial • Right Anterior Tibial

• Plantar Arch

Main veins of the body

• Inferior vena cava • 4 Pulmonary • Right Hepatic • Splenic

• Right Renal • Right Iliac • Left Iliac • Right Axillary • Left Axillary • Right Brachial • Left Brachial • Right Basilic

• Left Basilic • Right Cephalic • Left Cephalic • Right Subclavian • Long Saphenous • Left Short Saphenous • Right Short Saphenous • Dorsal Venous Arch • Left Femoral • Right Femoral • Left Popliteal • Right Popliteal • Right Posterior Tibial • Left Posterior Tibial • Right Anterior Tibial • Left Anterior Tibial

Understand and explain the structure and function of the various parts of the heart and of the vessels entering and leaving the heart

To include:

• Superior Vena Cava • Aortic Arch • Inferior Vena Cava • Aorta

• Right Atrium • Right ventricle • Left atrium • Left ventricle

• Septum • Pulmonary valve • Pulmonary artery • Pulmonary veins • Mitral (bicuspid) valve • Tricuspid valve • Endocardium

• Myocardium • Pericardium

Understand and explain the pulmonary circulation

To include:

• Way in which the blood circulates from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart • Vessels in which the blood is carried

• Whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated • Process of gaseous exchange

Understand and explain the systemic circulation

• Describe the structure and function of the systemic circulation

• Describe the Coronary circulation

Understand and explain blood pressure

To include:

• Define blood pressure • Factors which produce, maintain and effect blood pressure

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus  – Page 5

Understand and explain the conditions of high and low blood pressure

To include:

• Causes and effects of hypo and hyper tension • Way in which blood pressure is measured • Way in which blood pressure can be affected by massage

Understand and explain the diseases and disorders of the circulatory system

To include the cause and effects of the following:

• Anaemia • Varicose veins • Haemophilia • Arteriosclerosis

• Atherosclerosis • HIV/Aids • High blood pressure (hypertension) • Low blood pressure (hypotension) • High cholesterol • Hepatitis ABC • Coronary thrombosis

• Haemorrhoids • Phlebitis • Thrombus • Leukaemia • Hodgkin’s disease • Stress

Understand and explain the structure and functions of the Lymph

Describe the formation and composition of lymph and it’s function to include:

• Leucocytes • Lymphocytes • Waste products

Understand and explain the structure and function of the lymphatic system

To include:

• Lymphatic Capillaries • Lymphatic vessels • Lymphatic nodes

• Lymphatic ducts • Describe the way in which Lymph is moved around the body

Understand and explain Lymphatic tissue

Describe the structure function of all lymphatic tissue and the areas in which it can be found in the body:

• Spleen • Lymph nodes • Tonsils

Understand and explain the position of the lymph nodes of the body

To include:

• Superficial and deep cervical • Submandibular • Thoracic duct

• Right lymphatic duct • Axillary • Supratrochlear • Inguinal

• Popliteal • Superficial and deep cervical • Anterior Auricular

• Posterior Auricular • Occipital

Understand and explain the interrelationship between the circulatory and lymphatic systems

Muscular system

Digestive system

Immune system

To include:

• Way in which blood becomes tissue fluid • Way in which excess tissue fluid is picked up by the lymphatic capillaries • Route which the lymph takes before it returns to the circulatory system

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus  – Page 6

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 35 Neurological System

Recommended guided learning hours – 2

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the structure and functions of the following parts of the nervous system:

To include:

• Neurone • Motor Neurone • Sensory Neurone • Mixed nerve

• Dendrite • Axon • Synapse • Neurilemma • Nodes of Ranvier

• White matter • Grey matter • Myelin Sheath • End feet/axon terminals • Ganglia • Reflex arc

Understand and explain the structure and functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS), the Peripheral and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

To include:

♦ Central nervous system

• Brain • Spinal cord

♦ Peripheral nervous system

• 31 pairs of spinal nerves • 12 pairs of cranial nerves

♦ Autonomic nervous system

• Sympathetic • Parasympathetic

Understand and explain the effect of stress on the nervous system

• Demonstrate the way in which stress affects the fear, fight, flight syndrome • Describe the way in which various parts of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can be affected by stress and possible diseases and disorders caused by stress

Understand and explain the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord

To include:

♦ Brain

• Meninges – Pia, Arachnoid and Dura mater

• Cerebrospinal fluid • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Pons varolii

• Medulla Oblongata • Hypothalamus • Brain stem

♦ Spinal cord

• White matter • Grey matter • Dura, Arachnoid and Pia mater

• Cerebrospinal fluid

Understand and explain the position and function of the spinal and cranial nerves

To include:

• 8 cervical • 12 thoracic • 5 lumbar • 1 coccygeal

♦ 12 cranial nerves

• Abducent • Auditory • Facial • Glosso-pharyngeal • Hypoglossal • Oculomotor • Olfactory • Optic • Trochlear • Trigemenal

• Accessory • Vagus

Understand and explain the causes and effects of diseases and disorders of the nervous system

To include:

• Neuritis • Bells Palsy • Neuralgia • Parkinsons Disease • Stress

• Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) • Motor Neurone • Cerebral Palsy • Multiple Sclerosis • Sciatica • Motor Neurone Disease

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus  – Page 7

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 36 Endocrine System

Recommended guided learning hours – 4

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain (with the aid of a diagram) the position of the main Endocrine glands, hormones secreted and the result of hypo and hyper secretion of each

To include the following:

Pituitary

Posterior Lobe • Oxytocin • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)

Anterior lobe • Prolactin • Human growth Hormone (HGH)

• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) • Adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) • Luteinising Hormone (LH) • Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) • Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICH) • Melanin Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Thyroid gland

• Thyroxin • Triiodothyronin • Calcitonin

Parathyroids

• Parathormone

Thymus

• Secretion of T Lymphocytes

Pineal

• Melatonin

Islets of Langerhans

• Insulin • Glucagon

Adrenal medulla

• Adrenalin • Noradrenalin

Adrenal cortex

• Mineralocorticoids • Glucocorticoids • Sex hormones

Ovaries

• Oestrogen • Progesterone

Testes

• Testosterone

Understand and explain the effects of hormones on the body

• To include knowledge of the effects of specific hormones on the body at puberty, pregnancy, menopause and the menstrual cycle

Understand and explain the causes and effects of various endocrine diseases and disorders

To include:

• Addison’s syndrome • Amenorrhoea • Cushings syndrome

• Pre-menstrual Syndrome • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

• Stress • Diabetes Mellitus • Diabetes Insipidus

Understand and explain the interrelationship of the endocrine system with other systems

To include:

• Nervous system • Circulatory system • Digestive system

• Reproductive system • Skin

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 8

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 37 Respiratory System

Recommended guided learning hours – 2

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the structure of the respiratory system and the function of each organ

To include:

• Nose • Nasal cavity • Larynx • Pharynx • Trachea • Bronchi

• Bronchioles • Lungs • Pleura (visceral, parietal, pleural cavity)

• Diaphragm • Intercostals

Understand and explain external respiration, i.e. the process and mechanism of breathing

To include:

• Inhalation and the organs involved • Expiration and the organs involved • Process of diffusion in the alveoli

Understand and explain internal respiration

• Describe the way in which exchange of gases takes place between the cells and the circulatory system

Understand and explain the chemical control of the respiration

To include:

• Position, function and role of the chemo-receptors

Understand and explain nervous control of respiration

To include:

• Role of the brain, i.e. the pons varolii and medulla oblongata in the process of respiration

Understand and explain the structure and function of the pulmonary circulation

To include:

• Structure and function of the heart • Pulmonary artery

• Pulmonary vein • Lungs • Pulmonary alveoli • Process of gaseous exchange

Understand and explain the causes and effects of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

To include:

• Bronchitis • Emphysema • Pleurisy • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis • Asthma • Rhinitis • Hay fever • Stress • Sinusitis

Understand and explain the interrelationship of the respiratory system with other systems of the body

To include:

• Circulatory system • Nervous system • Muscular system

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 9

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 38 Digestive System

Recommended guided learning hours – 2

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the structure and function of the organs and accessory organs of the digestive system

To include:

• Alimentary canal • Salivary glands • Tongue • Teeth

• Epiglottis • Oesophagus • Stomach • Large intestine • Small intestine (Jejunum, Ileum, Duodenum) • Appendix • Rectum

• Anus • Accessory organs • Liver • Gall bladder • Pancreas

Understand and explain the process by which food stuffs are broken down by the alimentary canal during the digestive process

To include:

• Action of Rennin, hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach

• Action of pancreatic juice, i.e. trypsin, lipase, amylase on peptones, fats and polysaccharides • Action of bile on fat • Action of intestinal juice – maltase, sucrase, lactase on dissacharides

Understand and explain the process of absorption of nutrients

To include:

• Process of absorption of nutrients by the villi and lacteals contained in the small intestine

Understand and explain the function and where in the digestive system you would find the following:

• Enzyme • Proteins • Peptones • Polypeptides • Amino acids

• Carbohydrates • Dissacharides • Monosaccharides • Fats • Fatty acids

Understand and explain the causes of the following diseases and disorders of the Digestive system

To include:

• Appendicitis • Cirrhosis of the liver • Jaundice • Heartburn

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) • Ulcer • Hernia • Stress

• Anorexia Nervosa • Anorexia Bulimia • Constipation • Gall stones • Diabetes Mellitus • Diabetes Insipidus

Understand and explain the interrelationship of the digestive system with other systems of the body

To include:

• Circulatory • Endocrine • Lymphatic • Muscular • Nervous

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 10

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 39 Urinary System

Recommended guided learning hours – 2

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the structure and function of the organs of the urinary system

To include:

• Kidney (cortex and medulla) • Pelvis • Ureter • Bladder

• Urethra

Understand and explain the process of filtration.

To include:

• Functions of the Bowmans capsule • Filtration • Re-absorption

• Secretion

Understand and explain the composition of urine

• 2% urea • 96% water • 2% other substances, e.g. ammonia, sodium, potassium, phosphates, chlorides, sulphates, and excess vitamins • Colour is formed from bilirubin (bile pigment)

Understand and explain the causes and effects of the disorders and diseases of the Urinary system

• Cystitis • Kidney stones • Nephritis • Glomemlonephritis (Pyelonephritis)

Understand and explain the interrelationship of the urinary system with other body systems

To include:

• Circulatory system • Endocrine system • Skeletal system

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 11

 

ITEC Level 3

Diploma in Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 40

Reproductive System

Recommended guided learning hours – 2

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2412/8

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Students will be able to:

Understand and explain the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems

To include:

• Prostate • Testes • Testicular vessels • Penis • Scrotum • Uterus • Fallopian tubes • Cervix • Ovary • Vagina • Labia

Understand and explain the menstrual cycle

To include:

♦ Three phases

• Menstrual • Proliferative • Secretory

• Formation of the Graafian follicle • Formation of the Corpus luteum

Understand and explain the structure and function of the breast

To include:

• Fatty tissue • Ducts • Nipple • Areolar • Lobules

Understand and explain the causes and effects of the diseases and disorders of the Reproductive system

To include:

• Ectopic pregnancy • Amenorrhoea • Dysmenorrhoea • Pre-menstrual syndrome • Polycystic ovarian syndrome • Cancer

 

ITEC Units 30-40 Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus – Page 12 (end)

 

 

HOLISTIC MASSAGE

 

TEC Level 3 Diploma in Holistic Massage

Unit 2 Holistic Massage

Unit 22 Professional Conduct and Business Awareness is also mandatory

QCA Qualification Accreditation Number: 100/2404/9

Unit 2.1 Holistic Massage Theory

Learning outcome

Underpinning knowledge

Understand and explain the Holistic Approach

• Greek term holos • Importance of the treatment of the whole person • The way in which our physical environment affects us, e.g. computers, processed food, lack of fresh air, stress, lack of sleep, financial problems, poor ventilation

Understand and explain the term integral biology

♦ The way in which our physical environment affects us and the way in which social, economic and environmental factors affect our health and social wellbeing

To include:

• Computers • Mobile phones • Processed food • Lack of fresh air • Stress • Lack of sleep • Financial problems • Poor ventilation

Understand and explain the appropriate legislation applicable to massage treatment

To include:

• Any particular rights, restrictions and Charters • Legal framework related to people and settings with which the practitioner is involved, e.g. Mental Health Act, Children Act • Moral rights which are not recognised in Law • Organisational policies and how they may differ from other organisations (when working in care)

• Records which the practitioner is responsible for completing in relation to rights and responsibilities • Any relevant complaints systems and methods of access (when working in care)

Understand and explain the issues surrounding ‘consent’ to treatment

To include:

• Importance of obtaining consent